RAP3G
RAP3G is a 3G Radio Application Processor
Successor for TIKU (used in NOKIA 7600) with some technical improvements and additional features
In general RAP3G consists of three separate parts:
Processor subsystem (PSS) that includes ARM926 MCU as a main processor, Lead3 PH3 DSP and related functions
MCU peripherals
DSP peripherals
RAP3G is running with NOS and takes care of all cellular modem activities
RAP3G core voltage (1.40V) is generated from TAHVO VCORE and I/O voltage (1.8V) is from RETU VIO. Core voltage in sleep mode is lowered to 1.05V
RETU
RETU is the primary EM ASIC including following functional blocks:
Start up logic and reset control
Charger detection
Battery voltage monitoring
32.768kHz clock with external crystal
Real time clock with external backup battery
SIM card interface
Stereo audio codecs and amplifiers
A/D converter
Regulators
Vibra interface
Digital interface (CBUS)
RETU ASIC does not include security functions such as UEM(E,K)
TAHVO
TAHVO is the secondary EM ASIC including following functional blocks:
Core supply generation (VCORE & VCOREA)
Charge control circuitry
Level shifter and regulator for USB/FBUS
Current gauge for battery current measuring
External LED driver control interface
Digital interface (CBUS)
TAHVO ASIC does not include security functions such as UEM(E,K)
CMT Flash
CMT Flash memory is used to store:
MCU program code
DSP program code
Tuning values
Certificates
Capacity: 64Mbit
Logic and supply voltage for NOR Flash is supplied from VIO (1.8V)
Flash clock is 48MHz (192MHz/4)
CMT SDRAM
CMT SDRAM is mainly used as a dynamic data storage for MCU data
Capacity: 64MBit
SDRAM core voltage (1.8V) is generated by RETU’s VDRAM regulator
I/O voltage (1.8V) is generated by RETU’s VIO regulator
SDRAM clock is 96MHz (192MHz/2)
OMAP 1710
OMAP is the application processor running with Symbian operating system (EPOC)
Platform for executing all user related application. Main interfaces:
Camera interface
Display interface
Bluetooth interface
MMC interface
USB interface
Keyboard interface
X-Bus for communication with RAP3G
OMAP is a standard ASIC designed by Texas Instruments and used also by other manufacturers of mobile phones and handheld PCs
Core voltage VCORE=1.4V is generated by discrete SMPS, and is lowered to 1.09V in sleep mode
I/O voltage VIO=1.8V is generated by RETU
APE Combo Memory
APE Flash is used to store application code and user data
It is not possible to execute code directly from Flash -> executables need first to be loaded to DDR and run from there
Capacity: 256Mbit (Flash), 256Mbit (DDR)
Core voltage for DDR is VDRAM 1.8V
VIO 1.8V is for DDR I/O voltage
Both NAND core and I/O voltages are generated by RETU
DDR clock is 110MHz (220MHz/2)
Flash interface speed is 22MHz
Product Specific Circuitries
Front Camera
The front camera is controlled and its data is collected by OMAP
The I/O voltage of OMAP is 1.8V, and the one of the camera is 2.8V; therefore a level shifter is needed
The camera is powered with two different voltages from LDO (Low-dropout voltage) regulators:
VCAM 1.5V for camera digital circuits, and sensor A/D-converter
VCAM2 2.8V for camera I/O, and sensor photo diode
Back Camera
Connected to OMAP via data and control interfaces
Data transfer: through differential serial interface using clock and data
Camera control: bidirectional control interface compatible with I2C standard using SCL&SDA signals (1.8V)
Camera digital voltage is VCAM (1.5V) from discrete LDO
Camera ****og voltage is VAUX (2.5V) from RETU
Additional control signals
Vctrl: high (1.8V)=camera active low (0V)=camera inactive
ExtCLK: clock from OMAP1710 (9.6MHz)
Camera Flash Light
Designed to give more light when taking pictures in dark environment
The same LED is also used as an indicator light for indicating when:
a video clip is being recorded
a picture is taken
TK1189 is the SMPS for FLED. The enable of TK1189 is controlled by two hosts:
flash mode is controlled by the camera
indicator mode is controlled by OMAP
Bluetooth
Single chip BT BC3 (includes RF, BB & ROM memory)
UART interface for control/data with OMAP
PCM interface for audio data with RAP3G
IO voltage 1.8V from VIO
****og voltage 2.85V from VBAT through discrete LDO
Clock 38.4MHz from RF part
Ambient Light Sensor
Ambient Light Sensor is located in the upper part of the phone and consists of:
Light guide (part of front cover)
phototransistor + resistor
NTC + resistors
RETU
Information of ambient lighting is used to control backlights of the phone:
Keypad lighting is only switched on when environment is dark/dim
Display backlights are dimmed, when environment is dark/dim
MMC Interface
Reduced size MMC can be used to store photos, videos, etc…
MMC is connected to OMAP
Interface voltage level is 1.8V and power supply from RETU VSIM2
EMC protection by using ASIPs (Application Specific Integrated Passive)
MMC is powered down when MMC cover is opened
Cover lid open = signal connected to GND
Cover lid closed = signal connected to 1.8V
Power Control Loop – WCDMA Transmitter 1/2
TXC is used to drive the VGA which is used as the “main power controller”
The PA outside is just for the final setting of the outgoing power
WCDMA uses closed loop SW power control, where the Base Station will provide information for the terminal to increase or decrease its power by 1 or 2 dB steps
Power Detection: It is required that terminal must be able to measure its output power in high power level. The power detector measure it and fed a voltage (WTXDET) back to RETU to undergo AD conversion
Output power needs to be limited to +21 dBm
Isolator: It passes RF power only in one direction. Without it, RF power may leak in and affect the output of the detection circuit, resulting in error in the power control
Power Control Loop – WCDMA Transmitter 2/2
SMPS: The supply voltage of the PA and limits the lowest supply voltage to 1.5V. At highest power levels the SMPS output settles nominally to 3.2V
The supply voltage and the reference current lines (DAC 101 and DAC 201) are used to set the PA to distortion-free gain according to PA vendor's specification; this is essential in WCDMA
Phase Lock Loop PLL
The output of the phase det depend on the phase of the measured frequency compared to the phase of the reference frequency
PLL charge pump charges or discharges the integrated capacitor in the loop filter based on the output of the phase det (comparator)
Key Components 0f WCDMA Receiver
Why do we need Additional Filtering?
This SAW filter is to attenuate the Tx signal which is leaking through the duplex filter and amplified by the LNA
Why do we use duplexer instead of antenna switch?
This is because Tx and Rx are functioning in continuous mode in WCDMA
What is the use of AGC stage?
This stage is used to maintain the voltage swing at the AD converter in BB at an adequate level
Power Control Loop – GSM Transmitter
Power Detector Circuitry in PA gives a DC value proportional to the output power
DC level is feedback to the negative input of ERROR amplifier in VINKU
The DC level is then compare with the TXC reference signal
The output of the ERROR amplifier is then fed to a buffer amplifier which drive the VGA
Note: TXC is obtained from the
network for power level control
Interfaces to BB
Supply voltages
VBATT from battery
VXO, VCP1, VCP2, VREF from RETU
Control signals
AFC, TXC from RETU
RFBUS from RAP3G
Data signals
RXI/Q to RAP3G
TXI/Q from RAP3G
Outgoing signals
Clock (balanced) to RAP3G
Clock (single ended) to Bluetooth™
VREF for RXI/Q ADCs
IREF for TXI/Q DACs
RFTEMP, WTXDET to RETU
X-BUS or SSI
SSI = Speed Serial Interface
CMT-APE: A communication interface between RAP3G and OMAP1710 using Speed Serial Interface (SSI)
Data is transmitted via two lines: Data and Flag
Ready: indicates to opposite side that new frame can be sent
Wake: activated when data is wanted to transmit to opposite side
Cracdit By: Jay'Treze
JaY'TreZe
RAP3G is a 3G Radio Application Processor
Successor for TIKU (used in NOKIA 7600) with some technical improvements and additional features
In general RAP3G consists of three separate parts:
Processor subsystem (PSS) that includes ARM926 MCU as a main processor, Lead3 PH3 DSP and related functions
MCU peripherals
DSP peripherals
RAP3G is running with NOS and takes care of all cellular modem activities
RAP3G core voltage (1.40V) is generated from TAHVO VCORE and I/O voltage (1.8V) is from RETU VIO. Core voltage in sleep mode is lowered to 1.05V
RETU
RETU is the primary EM ASIC including following functional blocks:
Start up logic and reset control
Charger detection
Battery voltage monitoring
32.768kHz clock with external crystal
Real time clock with external backup battery
SIM card interface
Stereo audio codecs and amplifiers
A/D converter
Regulators
Vibra interface
Digital interface (CBUS)
RETU ASIC does not include security functions such as UEM(E,K)
TAHVO
TAHVO is the secondary EM ASIC including following functional blocks:
Core supply generation (VCORE & VCOREA)
Charge control circuitry
Level shifter and regulator for USB/FBUS
Current gauge for battery current measuring
External LED driver control interface
Digital interface (CBUS)
TAHVO ASIC does not include security functions such as UEM(E,K)
CMT Flash
CMT Flash memory is used to store:
MCU program code
DSP program code
Tuning values
Certificates
Capacity: 64Mbit
Logic and supply voltage for NOR Flash is supplied from VIO (1.8V)
Flash clock is 48MHz (192MHz/4)
CMT SDRAM
CMT SDRAM is mainly used as a dynamic data storage for MCU data
Capacity: 64MBit
SDRAM core voltage (1.8V) is generated by RETU’s VDRAM regulator
I/O voltage (1.8V) is generated by RETU’s VIO regulator
SDRAM clock is 96MHz (192MHz/2)
OMAP 1710
OMAP is the application processor running with Symbian operating system (EPOC)
Platform for executing all user related application. Main interfaces:
Camera interface
Display interface
Bluetooth interface
MMC interface
USB interface
Keyboard interface
X-Bus for communication with RAP3G
OMAP is a standard ASIC designed by Texas Instruments and used also by other manufacturers of mobile phones and handheld PCs
Core voltage VCORE=1.4V is generated by discrete SMPS, and is lowered to 1.09V in sleep mode
I/O voltage VIO=1.8V is generated by RETU
APE Combo Memory
APE Flash is used to store application code and user data
It is not possible to execute code directly from Flash -> executables need first to be loaded to DDR and run from there
Capacity: 256Mbit (Flash), 256Mbit (DDR)
Core voltage for DDR is VDRAM 1.8V
VIO 1.8V is for DDR I/O voltage
Both NAND core and I/O voltages are generated by RETU
DDR clock is 110MHz (220MHz/2)
Flash interface speed is 22MHz
Product Specific Circuitries
Front Camera
The front camera is controlled and its data is collected by OMAP
The I/O voltage of OMAP is 1.8V, and the one of the camera is 2.8V; therefore a level shifter is needed
The camera is powered with two different voltages from LDO (Low-dropout voltage) regulators:
VCAM 1.5V for camera digital circuits, and sensor A/D-converter
VCAM2 2.8V for camera I/O, and sensor photo diode
Back Camera
Connected to OMAP via data and control interfaces
Data transfer: through differential serial interface using clock and data
Camera control: bidirectional control interface compatible with I2C standard using SCL&SDA signals (1.8V)
Camera digital voltage is VCAM (1.5V) from discrete LDO
Camera ****og voltage is VAUX (2.5V) from RETU
Additional control signals
Vctrl: high (1.8V)=camera active low (0V)=camera inactive
ExtCLK: clock from OMAP1710 (9.6MHz)
Camera Flash Light
Designed to give more light when taking pictures in dark environment
The same LED is also used as an indicator light for indicating when:
a video clip is being recorded
a picture is taken
TK1189 is the SMPS for FLED. The enable of TK1189 is controlled by two hosts:
flash mode is controlled by the camera
indicator mode is controlled by OMAP
Bluetooth
Single chip BT BC3 (includes RF, BB & ROM memory)
UART interface for control/data with OMAP
PCM interface for audio data with RAP3G
IO voltage 1.8V from VIO
****og voltage 2.85V from VBAT through discrete LDO
Clock 38.4MHz from RF part
Ambient Light Sensor
Ambient Light Sensor is located in the upper part of the phone and consists of:
Light guide (part of front cover)
phototransistor + resistor
NTC + resistors
RETU
Information of ambient lighting is used to control backlights of the phone:
Keypad lighting is only switched on when environment is dark/dim
Display backlights are dimmed, when environment is dark/dim
MMC Interface
Reduced size MMC can be used to store photos, videos, etc…
MMC is connected to OMAP
Interface voltage level is 1.8V and power supply from RETU VSIM2
EMC protection by using ASIPs (Application Specific Integrated Passive)
MMC is powered down when MMC cover is opened
Cover lid open = signal connected to GND
Cover lid closed = signal connected to 1.8V
Power Control Loop – WCDMA Transmitter 1/2
TXC is used to drive the VGA which is used as the “main power controller”
The PA outside is just for the final setting of the outgoing power
WCDMA uses closed loop SW power control, where the Base Station will provide information for the terminal to increase or decrease its power by 1 or 2 dB steps
Power Detection: It is required that terminal must be able to measure its output power in high power level. The power detector measure it and fed a voltage (WTXDET) back to RETU to undergo AD conversion
Output power needs to be limited to +21 dBm
Isolator: It passes RF power only in one direction. Without it, RF power may leak in and affect the output of the detection circuit, resulting in error in the power control
Power Control Loop – WCDMA Transmitter 2/2
SMPS: The supply voltage of the PA and limits the lowest supply voltage to 1.5V. At highest power levels the SMPS output settles nominally to 3.2V
The supply voltage and the reference current lines (DAC 101 and DAC 201) are used to set the PA to distortion-free gain according to PA vendor's specification; this is essential in WCDMA
Phase Lock Loop PLL
The output of the phase det depend on the phase of the measured frequency compared to the phase of the reference frequency
PLL charge pump charges or discharges the integrated capacitor in the loop filter based on the output of the phase det (comparator)
Key Components 0f WCDMA Receiver
Why do we need Additional Filtering?
This SAW filter is to attenuate the Tx signal which is leaking through the duplex filter and amplified by the LNA
Why do we use duplexer instead of antenna switch?
This is because Tx and Rx are functioning in continuous mode in WCDMA
What is the use of AGC stage?
This stage is used to maintain the voltage swing at the AD converter in BB at an adequate level
Power Control Loop – GSM Transmitter
Power Detector Circuitry in PA gives a DC value proportional to the output power
DC level is feedback to the negative input of ERROR amplifier in VINKU
The DC level is then compare with the TXC reference signal
The output of the ERROR amplifier is then fed to a buffer amplifier which drive the VGA
Note: TXC is obtained from the
network for power level control
Interfaces to BB
Supply voltages
VBATT from battery
VXO, VCP1, VCP2, VREF from RETU
Control signals
AFC, TXC from RETU
RFBUS from RAP3G
Data signals
RXI/Q to RAP3G
TXI/Q from RAP3G
Outgoing signals
Clock (balanced) to RAP3G
Clock (single ended) to Bluetooth™
VREF for RXI/Q ADCs
IREF for TXI/Q DACs
RFTEMP, WTXDET to RETU
X-BUS or SSI
SSI = Speed Serial Interface
CMT-APE: A communication interface between RAP3G and OMAP1710 using Speed Serial Interface (SSI)
Data is transmitted via two lines: Data and Flag
Ready: indicates to opposite side that new frame can be sent
Wake: activated when data is wanted to transmit to opposite side
Cracdit By: Jay'Treze
JaY'TreZe
